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在笔者上一篇文章《驱动开发：内核MDL读写进程内存》简单介绍了如何通过MDL映射的方式实现进程读写操作，本章将通过如上案例实现远程进程反汇编功能，此类功能也是ARK工具中最常见的功能之一，通常此类功能的实现分为两部分，内核部分只负责读写字节集，应用层部分则配合反汇编引擎对字节集进行解码，此处我们将运用capstone引擎实现这个功能。

首先是实现驱动部分，驱动程序的实现是一成不变的，仅仅只是做一个读写功能即可，完整的代码如下所示；

// 署名权// right to sign one"s name on a piece of work// PowerBy: LyShark// Email: me@lyshark.com#include #include #define READ_PROCESS_CODE CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN,0x800,METHOD_BUFFERED,FILE_ALL_ACCESS)#define WRITE_PROCESS_CODE CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN,0x801,METHOD_BUFFERED,FILE_ALL_ACCESS)#define DEVICENAME L"\\Device\\ReadWriteDevice"#define SYMBOLNAME L"\\??\\ReadWriteSymbolName"typedef struct{DWORD pid;       // 进程PIDUINT64 address;  // 读写地址DWORD size;      // 读写长度BYTE* data;      // 读写数据集}ProcessData;// MDL读取封装BOOLEAN ReadProcessMemory(ProcessData* ProcessData){BOOLEAN bRet = TRUE;PEPROCESS process = NULL;// 将PID转为EProcessPsLookupProcessByProcessId(ProcessData->pid, &process);if (process == NULL){return FALSE;}BYTE* GetProcessData = NULL;__try{// 分配堆空间 NonPagedPool 非分页内存GetProcessData = ExAllocatePool(NonPagedPool, ProcessData->size);}__except (1){return FALSE;}KAPC_STATE stack = { 0 };// 附加到进程KeStackAttachProcess(process, &stack);__try{// 检查进程内存是否可读取ProbeForRead(ProcessData->address, ProcessData->size, 1);// 完成拷贝RtlCopyMemory(GetProcessData, ProcessData->address, ProcessData->size);}__except (1){bRet = FALSE;}// 关闭引用ObDereferenceObject(process);// 解除附加KeUnstackDetachProcess(&stack);// 拷贝数据RtlCopyMemory(ProcessData->data, GetProcessData, ProcessData->size);// 释放堆ExFreePool(GetProcessData);return bRet;}// MDL写入封装BOOLEAN WriteProcessMemory(ProcessData* ProcessData){BOOLEAN bRet = TRUE;PEPROCESS process = NULL;// 将PID转为EProcessPsLookupProcessByProcessId(ProcessData->pid, &process);if (process == NULL){return FALSE;}BYTE* GetProcessData = NULL;__try{// 分配堆GetProcessData = ExAllocatePool(NonPagedPool, ProcessData->size);}__except (1){return FALSE;}// 循环写出for (int i = 0; i < ProcessData->size; i++){GetProcessData[i] = ProcessData->data[i];}KAPC_STATE stack = { 0 };// 附加进程KeStackAttachProcess(process, &stack);// 分配MDL对象PMDL mdl = IoAllocateMdl(ProcessData->address, ProcessData->size, 0, 0, NULL);if (mdl == NULL){return FALSE;}MmBuildMdlForNonPagedPool(mdl);BYTE* ChangeProcessData = NULL;__try{// 锁定地址ChangeProcessData = MmMapLockedPages(mdl, KernelMode);// 开始拷贝RtlCopyMemory(ChangeProcessData, GetProcessData, ProcessData->size);}__except (1){bRet = FALSE;goto END;}// 结束释放MDL关闭引用取消附加END:IoFreeMdl(mdl);ExFreePool(GetProcessData);KeUnstackDetachProcess(&stack);ObDereferenceObject(process);return bRet;}NTSTATUS DriverIrpCtl(PDEVICE_OBJECT device, PIRP pirp){PIO_STACK_LOCATION stack;stack = IoGetCurrentIrpStackLocation(pirp);ProcessData* ProcessData;switch (stack->MajorFunction){case IRP_MJ_CREATE:{break;}case IRP_MJ_CLOSE:{break;}case IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL:{// 获取应用层传值ProcessData = pirp->AssociatedIrp.SystemBuffer;DbgPrint("进程ID: %d | 读写地址: %p | 读写长度: %d \n", ProcessData->pid, ProcessData->address, ProcessData->size);switch (stack->Parameters.DeviceIoControl.IoControlCode){// 读取函数case READ_PROCESS_CODE:{ReadProcessMemory(ProcessData);break;}// 写入函数case WRITE_PROCESS_CODE:{WriteProcessMemory(ProcessData);break;}}pirp->IoStatus.Information = sizeof(ProcessData);break;}}pirp->IoStatus.Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;IoCompleteRequest(pirp, IO_NO_INCREMENT);return STATUS_SUCCESS;}VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT driver){if (driver->DeviceObject){UNICODE_STRING SymbolName;RtlInitUnicodeString(&SymbolName, SYMBOLNAME);// 删除符号链接IoDeleteSymbolicLink(&SymbolName);IoDeleteDevice(driver->DeviceObject);}}NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath){NTSTATUS status = STATUS_SUCCESS;PDEVICE_OBJECT device = NULL;UNICODE_STRING DeviceName;DbgPrint("[LyShark] hello lyshark.com \n");// 初始化设备名RtlInitUnicodeString(&DeviceName, DEVICENAME);// 创建设备status = IoCreateDevice(Driver, sizeof(Driver->DriverExtension), &DeviceName, FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN, FILE_DEVICE_SECURE_OPEN, FALSE, &device);if (status == STATUS_SUCCESS){UNICODE_STRING SymbolName;RtlInitUnicodeString(&SymbolName, SYMBOLNAME);// 创建符号链接status = IoCreateSymbolicLink(&SymbolName, &DeviceName);// 失败则删除设备if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS){IoDeleteDevice(device);}}// 派遣函数初始化Driver->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CREATE] = DriverIrpCtl;Driver->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_CLOSE] = DriverIrpCtl;Driver->MajorFunction[IRP_MJ_DEVICE_CONTROL] = DriverIrpCtl;// 卸载驱动Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver;return STATUS_SUCCESS;}

上方的驱动程序很简单关键部分已经做好了备注，此类驱动换汤不换药没啥难度，接下来才是本节课的重点，让我们开始了解一下Capstone这款反汇编引擎吧，Capstone是一个轻量级的多平台、多架构的反汇编框架。Capstone旨在成为安全社区中二进制分析和反汇编的终极反汇编引擎，该引擎支持多种平台的反汇编，非常推荐使用。

反汇编引擎下载地址：https://cdn.lyshark.com/sdk/capstone_msvc12.zip

这款反汇编引擎如果你想要使用它则第一步就是调用cs_open()官方对其的解释是打开一个句柄，这个打开功能其中的参数如下所示；

参数1：指定模式 CS_ARCH_X86 表示为Windows平台参数2：执行位数 CS_MODE_32为32位模式，CS_MODE_64为64位参数3：打开后保存的句柄&dasm_handle

第二步也是最重要的一步，调用cs_disasm()反汇编函数，该函数的解释如下所示；

参数1：指定dasm_handle反汇编句柄参数2：指定你要反汇编的数据集或者是一个缓冲区参数3：指定你要反汇编的长度 64参数4：输出的内存地址起始位置 0x401000参数5：默认填充为0参数6：用于输出数据的一个指针

这两个函数如果能搞明白，那么如下反汇编完整代码也就可以理解了。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS#include #include #include #include #pragma comment(lib,"capstone64.lib")#define READ_PROCESS_CODE CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN,0x800,METHOD_BUFFERED,FILE_ALL_ACCESS)#define WRITE_PROCESS_CODE CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN,0x801,METHOD_BUFFERED,FILE_ALL_ACCESS)typedef struct{DWORD pid;UINT64 address;DWORD size;BYTE* data;}ProcessData;int main(int argc, char* argv[]){// 连接到驱动HANDLE handle = CreateFileA("\\??\\ReadWriteSymbolName", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);ProcessData data;DWORD dwSize = 0;// 指定需要读写的进程data.pid = 6932;data.address = 0x401000;data.size = 64;// 读取机器码到BYTE字节数组data.data = new BYTE[data.size];DeviceIoControl(handle, READ_PROCESS_CODE, &data, sizeof(data), &data, sizeof(data), &dwSize, NULL);for (int i = 0; i < data.size; i++){printf("0x%02X ", data.data[i]);}printf("\n");// 开始反汇编csh dasm_handle;cs_insn *insn;size_t count;// 打开句柄if (cs_open(CS_ARCH_X86, CS_MODE_32, &dasm_handle) != CS_ERR_OK){return 0;}// 反汇编代码count = cs_disasm(dasm_handle, (unsigned char *)data.data, data.size, data.address, 0, &insn);if (count > 0){size_t index;for (index = 0; index < count; index++){/*for (int x = 0; x < insn[index].size; x++){printf("机器码: %d -> %02X \n", x, insn[index].bytes[x]);}*/printf("地址: 0x%"PRIx64" | 长度: %d 反汇编: %s %s \n", insn[index].address, insn[index].size, insn[index].mnemonic, insn[index].op_str);}cs_free(insn, count);}cs_close(&dasm_handle);getchar();CloseHandle(handle);return 0;}

通过驱动加载工具加载WinDDK.sys然后在运行本程序，你会看到正确的输出结果，反汇编当前位置处向下64字节。

说完了反汇编接着就需要讲解如何对内存进行汇编操作了，汇编引擎这里采用了XEDParse该引擎小巧简洁，著名的x64dbg就是在运用本引擎进行汇编替换的，本引擎的使用非常简单，只需要向XEDParseAssemble()函数传入一个规范的结构体即可完成转换，完整代码如下所示。

汇编引擎下载地址：https://cdn.lyshark.com/sdk/XEDParse.zip

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS#include #include extern "C"{#include "D:/XEDParse/XEDParse.h"#pragma comment(lib, "D:/XEDParse/XEDParse_x64.lib")}using namespace std;#define READ_PROCESS_CODE CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN,0x800,METHOD_BUFFERED,FILE_ALL_ACCESS)#define WRITE_PROCESS_CODE CTL_CODE(FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN,0x801,METHOD_BUFFERED,FILE_ALL_ACCESS)typedef struct{DWORD pid;UINT64 address;DWORD size;BYTE* data;}ProcessData;int main(int argc, char* argv[]){// 连接到驱动HANDLE handle = CreateFileA("\\??\\ReadWriteSymbolName", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);ProcessData data;DWORD dwSize = 0;// 指定需要读写的进程data.pid = 6932;data.address = 0x401000;data.size = 0;XEDPARSE xed = { 0 };xed.x64 = FALSE;// 输入一条汇编指令并转换scanf_s("%llx", &xed.cip);gets_s(xed.instr, XEDPARSE_MAXBUFSIZE);if (XEDPARSE_OK != XEDParseAssemble(&xed)){printf("指令错误: %s\n", xed.error);}// 生成堆data.data = new BYTE[xed.dest_size];// 设置长度data.size = xed.dest_size;for (size_t i = 0; i < xed.dest_size; i++){// 替换到堆中printf("%02X ", xed.dest[i]);data.data[i] = xed.dest[i];}// 调用控制器，写入到远端内存DeviceIoControl(handle, WRITE_PROCESS_CODE, &data, sizeof(data), &data, sizeof(data), &dwSize, NULL);printf("[LyShark] 指令集已替换. \n");getchar();CloseHandle(handle);return 0;}

通过驱动加载工具加载WinDDK.sys然后在运行本程序，你会看到正确的输出结果，可打开反内核工具验证是否改写成功。

打开反内核工具，并切换到观察是否写入了一条mov eax,1的指令集机器码，如下图已经完美写入。

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